![]() ![]() Meanwhile, the British were outraged by the 1811 Little Belt affair. Primary causes of the War of 1812 involved the Royal Navy stopping and seizing American ships on the open sea and impressing men as British subjects, including those with American citizenship certificates. They all included reference to the economic and trade disputes between the United States, United Kingdom, and France that first led to the Franco-American Quasi-War, and then to the Anglo-American War of 1812. The controversies that led to war centred on US national honour. The Treaty of Ghent was signed by both American and British diplomats and also ratified by the British government in December 1814, but according to the terms of the treaty, peace did not take effect until the United States government also ratified it, which happened almost two months later on 17 February 1815. The conflict formally began when the United States declared war on 18 June 1812, and officially ended with the Treaty of Ghent, which was signed on 24 December 1814. The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was a conflict fought between the United States and its indigenous allies on one side, and the United Kingdom, its dependent colonies in North America, indigenous allies, and Spain on the other. ![]() Capture of East India Company ship Nautilus. ![]()
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